Document Type: Review Article

Authors
Archit Dhaiya , Rajeev Sharma , Nagendra Bhoopathy , Rajeev Agarwal
Senior Resident, Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan; Senior Interventional Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Shri Ramchandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai Tamil Nadu; Senior Interventional Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

DOI: 10.37821/ruhsjhs.7.4.2022.468 [Downloaded: 0 times], [Page visited: 0 times]

Abstract
SGLT2 inhibitors have an insulin-independent mechanism of action leading to increasing glycosuria and lowering plasma glucose concentration, which results in cardiovascular and renal benefits shown in various studies. Other benefits include improvements in hyperglycemia, decreased fluid retention, reduced weight gain, lower blood pressure, and decreased risk of hypoglycemia. SGLT2 inhibitors produce cardioprotective and renoprotective benefits by inducing a state of Fasting Mimicry. It is therefore noteworthy that SGLT2 inhibitors induce a transcriptional paradigm that closely mimics the cellular response to starvation. These drugs activate SIRT1/AMPK and suppress Akt/mTOR signaling and, consequently, they can promote autophagy, independent of their effects on glucose or insulin. SGLT2 inhibitors regulate the expression of MicroRNA and prevent the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, and can improve blood vessel stiffness and aging.

Keywords
Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2, Inhibitors.